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Compare Spratly Islands (2008) - Qatar (2003)

Compare Spratly Islands (2008) z Qatar (2003)

 Spratly Islands (2008)Qatar (2003)
 Spratly IslandsQatar
Administrative divisions - 10 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Sa'id, Umm Salal
Age structure - 0-14 years: 24.7% (male 102,938; female 98,934)


15-64 years: 72.4% (male 415,302; female 176,183)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 17,199; female 6,496) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products - fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish
Airports 3 (2007) 4 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
total: 2


over 3,047 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)
total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
total: 11,437 sq km


land: 11,437 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim. Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe.
Birth rate - 15.68 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget - revenues: $5 billion


expenditures: $5.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.2 billion (FY 02/03 est.)
Capital - Doha
Climate tropical arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Coastline 926 km 563 km
Constitution - provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution; in the 29 April 2003 referendum, 96.6% of Qatari voters approved the new constitution
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands
conventional long form: State of Qatar


conventional short form: Qatar


local long form: Dawlat Qatar


local short form: Qatar


note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
Currency - Qatari rial (QAR)
Death rate - 4.43 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external - $15.4 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Maureen E. QUINN


embassy: Al-Luqtas District, 22 February Road, Doha


mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha


telephone: [974] 488 4101


FAX: [974] 488 4298
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA


chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016


telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600


FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061


consulate(s) general: Houston
Disputes - international all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands none
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. Oil and gas account for more than 55% of GDP, roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European industrial countries. Proved oil reserves of 14.5 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important to the economy. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 17.9 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total and third largest in the world. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore natural gas reserves. Since 2000, Qatar has consistently posted trade surpluses largely because of high oil prices and increased natural gas exports, and Qatar's economy is expected to receive an added boost as it begins to increase liquid natural gas exports.
Electricity - consumption - 8.616 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 9.264 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
Environment - current issues NA limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Exchange rates - Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2002), 3.64 (2001), 3.64 (2000), 3.64 (1999), 3.64 (1998)
Executive branch - chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces


head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary


note: in April 2003, Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council (CMC), which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services; the first election for the CMC was held in March 1999
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - petroleum products, fertilizers, steel
Exports - partners - Japan 40.1%, South Korea 16.6%, Singapore 8.2%, US 4.1% (2002)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side
GDP - purchasing power parity - $15.91 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 0.4%


industry: 67.6%


services: 32% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $20,100 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 4.6% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 38 N, 111 55 E 25 30 N, 51 15 E
Geography - note strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits
Heliports 3 (2007) 1 (2002)
Highways - total: 1,230 km


paved: 1,107 km


unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals
Imports - partners - France 17.8%, Japan 10.1%, US 8.5%, UK 8.3%, Germany 8%, Italy 6.7%, UAE 5.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1%, South Korea 4% (2002)
Independence - 3 September 1971 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement
Infant mortality rate - total: 20.03 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 23.59 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 16.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 1.9% (2002)
International organization participation - ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km 130 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - Court of Appeal
Labor force - 280,122 (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 60 km


border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)
arable land: 1.27%


permanent crops: 0.27%


other: 98.46% (1998 est.)
Languages - Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Legal system - discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and personal matters
Legislative branch - unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)


note: no legislative elections have been held since 1970 when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every four years since; the new constitution provides for a 45-member Consultative Council, or Majlis al-Shura; the public would elect two-thirds of the Majlis al-Shura; the amir would appoint the remaining members
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 73.14 years


male: 70.65 years


female: 75.76 years (2003 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 82.5%


male: 81.4%


female: 85% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Map references Southeast Asia Middle East
Maritime claims NA contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 638,815 GRT/995,096 DWT


ships by type: cargo 6, chemical tanker 2, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1, UAE 3 (2002 est.)
Military - note Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $723 million (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 10% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 320,835


note: includes non-nationals (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 168,416 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 7,192 (2003 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 3 September (1971)
Nationality - noun: Qatari(s)


adjective: Qatari
Natural hazards typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Natural resources fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential petroleum, natural gas, fish
Net migration rate - 17.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines - condensate 90 km; condensate/gas 209 km; gas 902 km; liquid petroleum gas 87 km; oil 722 km; oil/gas/water 41 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders - none
Political pressure groups and leaders - none
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states
817,052 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 2.87% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors - Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id)
Radio broadcast stations - AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Muslim 95%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 2.36 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 2.65 male(s)/female


total population: 1.9 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: modern system centered in Doha


domestic: NA


international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Telephones - main lines in use - 142,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 43,476 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (plus three repeaters) (2001)
Terrain flat mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Total fertility rate - 3.02 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate - 2.7% (2001)
Waterways - none
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